The kidneys of a 65-year-old patient with long- standing diabetes mellitus are examined at autopsy and one kidney is shown in the image. In the later stage of his disease, this patient frequently required a Foley catheter to adequately drain his bladder. What condition most likely caused the anomalous appearance of his kidneys?
对一名65岁的长期糖尿病患者的肾脏进行了检查,并在图像中显示了一个肾脏。在疾病后期,该患者经常需要 Foley 导尿管充分引流膀胱。什么情况最有可能导致他的肾脏出现异常?
(A) Acute pyelonephritis急性肾盂肾炎
(B) Chronic reflux-associated pyelonephritis 慢性反流相关肾盂肾炎
(C) Drug-induced interstitial nephritis药物性间质性肾炎
(D) Hypertension高血压
(E) Minimal change disease微小病变
答案解析:
该患者的长期糖尿病最有可能引起神经源性膀胱。膀胱过度充盈可能导致膀胱输尿管反流至肾脏。当细菌性尿路感染叠加在反流物上时,会导致肾损伤。慢性肾盂肾炎导致肾脏肾盏变钝和增厚,瘢痕不均匀。如果由于某些先天性解剖异常,这种情况可能发生在单侧。上图显示,慢性肾盂肾炎肾盏内有鹿角形结石充盈,皮质和髓质萎缩,肾盏扩张。鹿角形结石(鸟粪石结石)与慢性感染有关,通常与产脲酶微生物有关,如变形杆菌。鸟粪石的典型诊断线索是碱性尿。
正确答案:B
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