每日一题_2023.06.19

A 40-year-old man goes on a camping vacation with his family. One day after swimming in a freshwater lake near the campsite, he develops nausea and vomiting and starts to behave irrationally. His family takes him to the emergency department, where blood samples are taken and a spinal tap is performed. He is diagnosed with a rapidly progressing meningoencephalitis and dies shortly thereafter. Which of the following protozoa was most likely the cause of the man’s illness?

一个40岁的男人和他的家人去野营度假。一天，在营地附近的淡水湖游泳后，他开始恶心和呕吐，并开始失去理智。他的家人把他带到急诊科，在那里采集血液样本并进行脊椎穿刺。他被诊断患有一种迅速进展的脑膜脑炎，随后不久死亡。下列哪一种原生动物最有可能引起该男子的疾病?

(A) Cryptosporidium species 隐孢子虫

(B) Entamoeba histolytica 溶组织内阿米巴

(C) Leishmania donovani 杜诺瓦尼利什曼原虫

(D) Naegleria fowleri 福氏内格勒菌

(E) Plasmodium falciparum 恶性疟原虫

答案解析：

食脑虫，又叫食脑阿米巴原虫，学名为“福氏内格勒”(Naegleriafowleri)。表现为快速进展的脑膜脑炎，可在6天内发展为昏迷或死亡。其他症状包括恶心、呕吐和非理性行为。传播发生在淡水湖游泳。显微分析可以在脊髓液中发现阿米巴原虫。不幸的是，没有针对福氏内格勒菌的治疗方法。

正确答案：D