A 56-year-old man presents to the emergency department because of cough, dyspnea, and hemoptysis. X-ray of the chest shows dilation of his airways, which is confirmed by bronchoscopy. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for the dilation of this patient’s airways?
一名56岁男性因咳嗽、呼吸困难和咯血到急诊科就诊。胸部x线显示他的气道扩张，经支气管镜检查证实。下列哪一种情况最有可能导致该患者的气道扩张?
(A) Adult respiratory distress syndrome 成人呼吸窘迫综合征
(B) Asthma哮喘
(C) Atelectasis肺不张
(D) Bronchiectasis支气管扩张
(E) Churg-Strauss syndromeChurg-Strauss综合征
答案解析：
支气管扩张症可由支气管的慢性坏死性感染引起，导致气道扩张。除支气管肺感染外，支气管扩张症也可由支气管阻塞或先天畸形(支气管囊肿、气管支气管瘘)引起。支气管扩张症是引起咯血的常见原因，也常表现为咳嗽和呼吸困难。
正确答案：D
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