A 72-year-old woman presented to the dermatology clinic with a 3.5-month history of an enlarging, painless lump on her left cheek. A punch biopsy showed dermal infiltration by small, round, blue cells arranged in nests, with scant cytoplasm and frequent mitoses. Immunohistochemical testing for perinuclear CK20 and synaptophysin was positive. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
一位72岁的女性因左颊部无痛性肿块逐渐增大3.5个月而就诊于皮肤科门诊。穿刺活检显示真皮内可见成巢排列的小圆形蓝细胞,胞质稀少且核分裂象多见。免疫组化检测显示细胞周CK20和突触素(synaptophysin)呈阳性。以下哪项是最可能的诊断?

A. Basal cell carcinoma基底细胞癌
B. Cutaneous angiosarcoma皮肤血管肉瘤
C. Dermatofibroma皮肤纤维瘤
D. Merkel-cell carcinoma默克尔细胞癌
E. Pyogenic granuloma化脓性肉芽肿
答案解析:
题干中的关键信息包括:
- 老年女性,面部无痛性肿块,短期迅速增大
- 组织学:小圆形蓝细胞,成巢排列,胞质少,核分裂多(提示恶性)
- 免疫组化:Perinuclear CK20 阳性(典型的“逗点状”染色模式)+ Synaptophysin 阳性(神经内分泌标记)
这些特征高度符合 Merkel-cell carcinoma(默克尔细胞癌),它是一种罕见的、具有侵袭性的皮肤神经内分泌癌,常见于老年人日光暴露部位,CK20 和 Synaptophysin 阳性是其重要诊断依据。
正确答案:D
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