Oncogenic viruses act through a variety of mechanisms. Some introduce oncogenes directly into host cells, while others force cells to repeatedly undergo cycles of proliferation that eventually become unregulated. Still others introduce oncogenic potential by manipulating chromosomal structure through deletions or translocations. Which of the following viruses causes neoplasia by inactivating tumor sup- pressor genes such as p53 and Rb?
致癌病毒通过多种机制发挥作用。一些将癌基因直接引入宿主细胞，而另一些则迫使细胞反复经历增殖周期，最终变得不受调控。还有一些通过染色体缺失或易位操纵染色体结构，从而产生致癌潜能。下列哪一种病毒通过使肿瘤抑制基因如p53和Rb失活而引起肿瘤形成?
(A) Epstein-Barr virus eb病毒
(B) Hepatitis C virus 丙型肝炎病毒
(C) Human immunodeficiency virus HIV病毒
(D) Human papillomavirus 人乳头瘤病毒
(E) Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 人类嗜t细胞淋巴病毒1型
答案解析：
人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)分别通过病毒蛋白E6和E7使肿瘤抑制基因如p53和Rb失活，从而导致癌(通常是宫颈癌)。
正确答案：D
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