A 43-year-old man who is HIV positive presents to emergency department complaining of vision problems for the past two days. He has not been seeing a physician regularly, and his CD4 cell count is 24/mm3. Neurologic examination reveals problems with speech, memory, and coordination. He is admitted to the hospital but his symptoms rapidly worsen, and three weeks after admission the patient dies. What is the most likely cause of death in this patient?
一名HIV阳性的43岁男性到急诊科就诊,抱怨过去两天的视力问题。患者未定期就诊,CD4细胞计数为24/mm3。神经系统检查发现言语、记忆和协调方面的问题。他被送入医院,但他的症状迅速恶化,入院后3周,患者死亡。什么是最有可能导致病人死亡的?
(A) Cryptococcus neoformans 新型隐球菌
(B) Herpes simplex virus单纯疱疹病毒
(C) JC virusJC病毒
(D) Pneumocystis jiroveci耶氏肺孢子菌
(E) Toxoplasma gondii弓形虫
答案解析:
该患者表现为进行性多灶性白质脑病(PML),这是由艾滋病患者的JC病毒引起的。PML是患者以前暴露于的休眠病毒的再激活。最初的发现包括语言、记忆和协调的神经缺陷。视力问题也很常见。这种疾病引起神经功能迅速下降,导致昏迷和死亡。该患者的3周疗程并不少见。这种疾病引起整个中枢神经系统白质的多个区域脱髓鞘。PML尚无特异性治疗方法,但随着高效抗逆转录病毒治疗的启动,一些患者已显示出一些临床改善。
正确答案:C
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