A 7-year-old girl was referred to the emergency department for evaluation of abnormal blood work. Her family had recently made an immigration journey to the United States. Physical examination was notable for dental caries, mild conjunctival pallor, and no signs of neurodevelopmental delay. Laboratory studies showed a hemoglobin level of 10.5 g per deciliter (reference range, 11.3 to 14.6), a mean corpuscular volume of 64.4 fl (reference range, 77.8 to 86.5), and a ferritin level of 8 ng per milliliter (reference range, 10 to 320). An abdominal radiograph showed intraluminal radiodensities throughout the colon. Which of the following diagnoses best explains the patient’s laboratory and radiographic abnormalities?
一名7岁女孩因血液检查结果异常被转诊至急诊科。她的家人最近移民到美国。体格检查发现龋齿、轻度结膜苍白，无神经系统发育迟缓迹象。实验室检查显示血红蛋白水平为10.5克/分升（参考范围为11.3至14.6），平均红细胞体积为64.4飞升（参考范围为77.8至86.5），铁蛋白水平为8纳克/毫升（参考范围为10至320）。腹部X光片显示整个结肠内有放射密度增高的物质。以下哪项诊断最能解释该患者的实验室和影像学异常？
A. Bismuth poisoning铋中毒
B. Copper deficiency 铜缺乏
C. Lead poisoning铅中毒
D. Inflammatory bowel disease炎症性肠病
E. Thalassemia地中海贫血
答案解析：
这名患者有误食含铅油漆碎片的病史，这解释了腹部X光片上看到的整个结肠内的放射密度增高影。实验室检查显示血铅水平大于45 μg/分升（>2.2 μmol/升；参考值为<2 μg/分升[<0.1 μmol/升]）。结合患者因缺铁性贫血而出现异食癖的情况，诊断为因误食含铅油漆碎片导致的铅中毒。随后给予了静脉和口服螯合治疗。由于患者居住环境不稳定，仍有再次接触含铅油漆的风险，因此仍在持续接受监测。
正确答案：C
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