A 66-year-old man with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease presented to the emergency department with a 2-week history of shortness of breath and cough and 5 days of left flank pain. Two days before presentation, he had noted the appearance and rapid expansion of a mass on his left side. Computed tomography of the chest is shown. What is the underlying etiology?
一位66岁患有慢性阻塞性肺疾病的男性因呼吸困难和咳嗽两周、左胁腹痛五天就诊于急诊科。在就诊前两天,他注意到左侧出现一个肿块并迅速增大。胸部计算机断层扫描(CT)如图所示。其根本病因是什么?

A. Autoimmune pleuritis自身免疫性胸膜炎
B. Empyema necessitans脓胸穿通胸腔
C. Hematoma血肿
D. Mesothelioma间皮瘤
E. Soft tissue sarcoma of the chest wall胸壁软组织肉瘤
答案解析:
诊断为脓胸穿通胸腔(empyema necessitans)——这是脓胸的一种罕见并发症,指感染从壁层胸膜蔓延至胸壁。随后对患者进行了胸壁肿块的切开引流术。胸膜液培养结果显示中间链球菌(Streptococcus intermedius)生长。患者完成了长期的抗生素治疗疗程。
中间链球菌属于草绿色链球菌群,是口腔、胃肠道的正常菌群之一,但当机体免疫力下降(如COPD患者呼吸道防御功能减弱)或黏膜屏障受损时,可通过误吸进入下呼吸道引发肺部感染;若感染未及时控制,肺炎旁积液可进展为脓胸,严重时感染穿透胸壁形成“脓胸穿通胸腔”。此类病例需强调彻底引流(切开引流胸壁脓肿+胸膜腔引流)+敏感抗生素长程治疗,以降低复发风险。
正确答案:B
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