A 7-year-old African-American boy is brought to the pediatrician’s office by his mother after he begins crying inconsolably and complain- ing that his fingers hurt. His mother reports that he had been playing in the sun all day long. A peripheral blood smear is shown in the image. Which of the following complications is associated with this patient’s disease?
一个7岁的非洲裔美国男孩被他的母亲带到儿科医生的办公室,因为他开始哭得很伤心,抱怨他的手指很疼。他的母亲说他在太阳下玩了一整天。图中显示的是外周血涂片。下列哪一种并发症与该患者的疾病相关?
(A) Myelofibrosis 骨髓纤维化
(B) Cyclical fevers 周期性发热
(C) Eosinophilia 嗜酸性粒细胞
(D) Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia 微血管病性溶血性贫血
(E) Acute chest syndrome 急性胸部综合征
答案解析:
该患者的血涂片强烈提示镰状细胞贫血,这是一种由缺陷血红蛋白S (HbS)引起的常染色体隐性疾病。低氧条件导致HbS聚合和“病态”,导致易损红细胞和溶血性贫血。该患者的病史可能可以用血管闭塞危象来解释,即镰状细胞堵塞微血管培养系统并产生疼痛性组织缺血的情况。镰状细胞性贫血的特征还包括脾隔离症(最终出现功能性无脾,以及脓毒症和骨髓炎的风险增加)、脑血管意外和急性胸部综合征。急性胸部综合征是血管闭塞性疾病的严重并发症,表现为胸痛、低氧血症和胸部浸润。由于低氧血症可引起进一步的镰状变和肺血管闭塞,急性胸部综合征是紧急换血的指征。
正确答案:E
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