每日一题_2023.08.13

A 4-year-old boy is brought to his pediatrician’s office by his mother because he has been “acting out” for the past six months. The child’s past medical history is unremarkable, and he has reached all of his developmental milestones on time. The pediatrician inquires about the parent’s disciplinary methods. The mother says that she and her husband “reason” with the child when he misbehaves. According to Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, this 4-year-old patient is able to process information in which of the following ways?

一个4岁的小男孩被他的母亲带到他的儿科医生的办公室，因为他在过去的六个月里一直在“耍脾气”。患儿既往病史无明显异常，且已按时达到所有发育里程碑。儿科医生询问家长的管教方法。这位母亲说，当孩子行为不端时，她和丈夫会对他“讲道理”。根据皮亚杰的认知发展理论，这名4岁的患者能够通过以下哪种方式处理信息?

(A)  He can deal with abstract ideas他能处理抽象的概念

(B)  He can formulate and test hypotheses他可以制定和检验假设

(C)  He has some limited logical thought processes他有一些有限的逻辑思维过程

(D)  He possesses an awareness of conservation他有保护环境的意识

(E)  He understands symbolic representations of the world他理解世界的象征

答案解析：

皮亚杰认为，2 – 7岁的儿童处于认知发展的前运算阶段。根据皮亚杰的理论，前运算思维包括任何心理作用于物体的过程。在这个年龄，程序在逻辑上通常是不适当的。这篇短文中的父母对他们4岁孩子的推理和逻辑思考能力有着不合理的期望。处于前运算阶段的儿童缺乏持续的逻辑思维能力。

正确答案：E