A 62-year-old man arrives at his doctor’s office complaining of recent onset dull pain in his left flank region. He is a retired steel plant worker with a long history of excessive smoking, hypertension, and obesity. He does not recall any history of similar illness in his family. On physical examination a firm, homogeneous, nontender movable mass is palpated deep in the left umbilical region near the lower pole of the kidney. Laboratory tests show hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, and moderate polycythemia. Urinalysis reveals the presence of hematuria. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
一个62岁的男性到达医生办公室,抱怨最近在左腰部区域出现了钝痛。他是一名退休的钢铁厂工人,长期吸烟,患有高血压和肥胖症。他不记得家族中有任何类似疾病的历史。体格检查发现,在左脐部靠近肾脏下极处深部可触及一个坚实、均质、不敏感可移动的肿块。实验室检查显示高钙血症、低磷血症和中度红细胞增多。尿液分析显示存在血尿。以下哪个最可能是诊断?
(A) Adult polycystic kidney disease 成人多囊肾病
(B) Angiomyolipoma血管肌脂肪瘤
(C) Pheochromocytoma嗜铬细胞瘤
(D) Renal cell carcinoma肾癌
(E) Wilms tumor肾母细胞瘤
答案解析:
这个病人最可能患有肾细胞癌(RCC)。RCC的特征是腰痛、血尿和腹部肿块的三联症,尽管不到10%的患者有这三种症状。它最常见于男性,并与肥胖、高血压、吸烟和环境毒素暴露等危险因素相关(这个病人曾是一名钢铁厂工人)。重要的是,肾细胞癌的主要区别特征是与旁分泌综合征的关联,由于异位激素的产生,如类甲状旁腺素相关蛋白(高钙血症、低磷血症)、促红细胞生成素(红细胞增多)和ACTH。RCC也与遗传疾病如Von Hippel-Lindau(VHL)综合征相关。在VHL相关的RCC中,患者通常呈现双侧肿瘤。RCC的预后相对较差,因为大多数肿瘤在进行转移前是无症状的。
正确答案:D
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