A previously healthy 4-year-old girl presented to the emergency department with a 3-day history of dry cough and fever. On physical examination, intercostal retractions and decreased breath sounds over the left lung were observed. A chest radiograph is shown. What is the most likely diagnosis?
一名此前身体健康的4岁女孩因3天的干咳和发热症状前往急诊科就诊。在体格检查中,观察到肋间凹陷和左肺呼吸音减弱。附有胸部X光片。最可能的诊断是什么?

A. Bronchogenic cyst支气管源性囊肿
B. Pulmonary abscess肺脓肿
C. Pulmonary infarct肺梗死
D. Pulmonary metastasis肺转移瘤
E. Round Pneumonia球形肺炎
答案解析:
诊断为球形肺炎。球形肺炎是指在患有肺炎的幼儿胸部影像学检查中出现的球形或圆形病变。在幼儿期,侧支通气的途径——尤其是相邻肺泡之间以及细支气管与肺泡之间的小开口——发育不良,因此肺实变可能比成人更清晰、更致密。并非所有球形肺炎病例都能看到空气支气管征,但在这个病例中可以看到(正位图,箭头所示)。
正确答案:E
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