A 72-year-old woman presented to the dermatology clinic with a 3.5-month history of an enlarging, painless lump on her left cheek. A punch biopsy showed dermal infiltration by small, round, blue cells arranged in nests, with scant cytoplasm and frequent mitoses. Immunohistochemical testing for perinuclear CK20 and synaptophysin was positive. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
一名72岁女性因左颊无痛性肿块逐渐增大3.5个月而就诊于皮肤科门诊。穿刺活检显示真皮内有小圆形蓝色细胞呈巢状浸润,胞质稀少且核分裂象常见。免疫组化检测显示核周CK20和突触素(synaptophysin)呈阳性。以下哪项是最可能的诊断?

A. Basal cell carcinoma基底细胞癌
B. Cutaneous angiosarcoma皮肤血管肉瘤
C. Dermatofibroma皮肤纤维瘤
D. Merkel-cell carcinoma默克尔细胞癌
E. Pyogenic granuloma化脓性肉芽肿
答案解析:
默克尔细胞癌(Merkel-cell carcinoma)是一种罕见且具有侵袭性的皮肤神经内分泌癌,通常表现为在日光暴露部位的皮肤上出现快速增大、无痛、有光泽的结节,多见于老年人。其危险因素包括紫外线辐射、免疫功能抑制以及默克尔细胞多瘤病毒的感染。对于局限性病灶,可采用手术切除联合或不联合辅助放疗;而对于晚期或转移性病例,则可考虑使用免疫治疗。
正确答案:D
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