A 6-month-old baby boy was transferred to a quaternary children’s hospital for evaluation and management of seizures. One week earlier, he had had decreased oral intake, vomiting, and irritability. Laboratory testing showed hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, and microcytic anemia. Radiography of the left hand and wrist to evaluate hypocalcemia is shown. What is the most likely diagnosis?
一名6个月大的男婴因评估和治疗惊厥，被转诊至一家四级儿童专科医院。一周前，患儿出现进食量减少、呕吐及易激惹表现。实验室检查提示低钙血症、低磷血症及小细胞性贫血。为评估低钙血症，对其左手腕行X线检查（如图）。最可能的诊断是什么？
A. Congenital syphilis先天性梅毒
B. Hypoparathyroidism甲状旁腺功能减退症
C. Lead poisoning铅中毒
D. Osteopetrosis石骨症（骨硬化病）
E. Rickets佝偻病
答案解析：
这张X线片显示桡骨、尺骨、掌骨及指骨的干骺端可见致密、横行的硬化带。结合急性脑病及惊厥的临床表现，这些征象被怀疑为重度铅中毒典型的“铅线”。尽管铅中毒的常规诊断流程并不推荐将X线作为检查手段，但铅线的出现有助于追溯并做出延迟性诊断。最终患儿血铅水平升高，证实了该诊断。
正确答案：C
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