每日一题_2022.12.06

A woman strikes her head in a car crash and is admitted to the hospital. On admission, she reports a medical history of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes type II, fibromyalgia, and breast cancer for which she underwent a lumpectomy and chemotherapy. Her current medications include simvastatin, metformin, furosemide, hydrocodone, and tamoxifen. During the interview, she complains of severe thirst and frequent urination, and her urine bag is nearly full after only two hours. Which medication should the patient be given immediately?

一位妇女在车祸中头部受到撞击而入院。入院时，她报告了高血压、高胆固醇血症、II型糖尿病、纤维肌痛和乳腺癌病史，为此她接受了乳房肿块切除术和化疗。她目前的药物包括辛伐他汀、二甲双胍、呋塞米、氢可酮和他莫昔芬。在问诊过程中，她主诉严重口渴、尿频，仅过了两个小时，她的尿袋就快满了。患者应该立即使用哪种药物？

(A) Demeclocycline 地美环素

(B) Desmopressin 去氨加压素

(C) Furosemide呋塞米

(D) Insulin 胰岛素

(E) Mannitol甘露醇

答案解析：

去氨加压素是1-脱氨基-8-D-精氨酸加压素 (dDAVP)，ADH的类似物。这名妇女因垂体后叶创伤而引起中枢性尿崩症。从而抑制 ADH 的分泌。在给出的选项中，回复她的 ADH 是最合适的。

正确答案：B