A 30-year-old man presented to the ophthalmology clinic with a 3-day history of recurrent, painful bumps on his left lower eyelid. He reported annual recurrences of similar lesions at the same site at the same site since adolescence, often triggered by psychological stress or sun exposure and with spontaneous resolution. Visual acuity and findings from a slit-lamp examination were normal. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
一位30岁男性患者因左眼下眼睑反复出现疼痛性肿块3天前来眼科就诊。他自青春期以来,每年在同一部位都会出现类似的病变,通常由心理压力或日晒诱发,并可自行消退。视力检查正常,裂隙灯检查未见异常。以下哪项是最可能的诊断?

A. Atopic blepharitis特应性睑缘炎
B. Chalazion睑板腺囊肿(霰粒肿)
C. Dacryoadenitis泪腺炎
D. Herpes simplex blepharitis单纯疱疹性睑缘炎
E. Hordeolum麦粒肿(睑腺炎)
答案解析:
单纯疱疹性睑缘炎(Herpes simplex blepharitis)是由单纯疱疹病毒(HSV,通常是 HSV-1 型)在三叉神经感觉支配区域内感染或再激活所引起的,在本例中,可能是上颌神经的分支——眶下神经分布区域。该病的诊断主要基于临床表现,但也可以通过从病变部位采集标本进行聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测来确诊,正如本例中所做的那样。
由于该病有可能同时累及眼部(例如角膜炎、结膜炎等),因此建议及时评估是否存在眼部合并症。治疗方面,包括口服或局部使用抗病毒药物(如阿昔洛韦、伐昔洛韦等)。
正确答案:D
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