A 34-year-old man presented to the emergency department a week after returning from a safari in Zimbabwe with a 4-day history of fever and generalized weakness. On physical examination, a crusted, tender lesion on the crown of the head was noted. The parietal scalp was shaved with the patient’s permission, revealing a 4 cm by 4 cm ulceration. A peripheral-blood smear is also shown. What is the most likely diagnosis?
一名34岁男性在从津巴布韦进行狩猎旅行返回一周后,因发热和全身乏力持续4天前来急诊就诊。体格检查发现头顶有一处结痂、触痛的皮损。在征得患者同意后,剃除了顶叶头皮的毛发,显露出一处4厘米×4厘米的溃疡。同时还展示了一张外周血涂片。最可能的诊断是什么?

A. Cutaneous leishmaniasis皮肤利什曼病
B. Loaiasis罗阿丝虫病
C. Mansonellosis曼森线虫病
D. Onchocerciasis盘尾丝虫病
E. Trypanosomiasis锥虫病
答案解析:
诊断为东非人类锥虫病——也称为昏睡病(sleeping sickness)。该病由受感染的采采蝇(tsetse fly)叮咬传播。在锥虫接种部位会形成局部炎症反应,导致疼痛性溃疡。
对于近期从昏睡病流行地区返回并出现发热症状的患者,应立即进行包括血涂片检查在内的诊断评估。
经过为期10天的非昔硝唑(fexinidazole)治疗,该患者完全康复。
正确答案:E
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