A 20-year-old male college student is evaluated in the emergency department (ED) after a head-on motor vehicle collision(碰撞). His right lower extremity(末端) sustained a crush injury after being pinned in the car. It took emergency medical services (EMS) three hours to extricate(救出) him. Creatinine phosphokinase(肌酐磷酸激酶) of 45,000 U/L was noted on arrival in the ED.
While in the field, EMS should have instituted which of the following IV therapies to prevent the risk of acute kidney injury?
A. Colloid
B. Crystalloid
C. Furosemide
D. Low-dose dopamine infusion
E. Mannitol
投票情况如下:
应立即并积极地进行静脉晶体治疗,以预防肌红蛋白诱发的色素性肾病。 晶体疗法的积极液体复苏已被证明可增强肾脏灌注并提高尿灌注,以防止肾管型阻塞。 此外,还需要容量复苏以防止可能由挤压伤部位引起的血容量不足。 如果排除明显的碱中毒,则首选碱性晶体溶液进行容量复苏。 如果没有容量超负荷的证据,则不推荐使用袢利尿剂,这可能增加容量不足的可能性。 静脉注射胶体疗法或低剂量多巴胺输注没有证明任何益处。
文献:
1. Gunal AI, Celiker H, Dogukan A, et al. Early and vigorous fluid resuscitation prevents acute renal failure in the crush victims of catastrophic earthquakes. J Am Soc Nephrol. Page 32 of 3362004 Jul;15(7):1862-1867.
2. Ron D, Taitelman U, Michaelson M, Bar-Joseph G, Bursztein S, Better OS. Prevention of acute renal failure in traumatic rhabdomyolysis. Arch Intern Med. 1984 Feb;144(2):277-280.
B.晶体
补充内容:
急性肾损伤是一种常见疾病,全球发病率和死亡率均较高。2013年,国际肾脏病学会(ISN)提出“0by 25”倡议活动,其目标是到2025年消除世界各地AKI疾病的可预防性死亡,重点关注贫困地区,如非洲,拉丁美洲和亚洲等医疗资源缺乏的地区。
复习一下定义:48小时内肾功能急剧下降,表现为血清肌酐(Scr)上升 > 0.3 mg/dl(26.5 µmol/L)或Scr上升 > 50%(基线水平的1.5倍)或尿量减少(< 0.5 ml/kg/h)超过6小时。因此诊断标准:
- 48 h内血肌酐增加≥0.3 mg/dl (≥26.5 μmol/l);或
- 7天内血肌酐增加,高于基线≥ 1.5倍;或
- 尿量< 0.5 ml/kg/h,持续6 h
常见病因:
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