A 50-year-old woman sustained(持续的) severe facial(面部) trauma in a motor vehicle accident. She is obtunded(迟钝), with a respiratory rate of 40 breaths/min. Arterial blood gas analysis shows: pH 7.20, partial arterial carbon dioxide pressure 65 mm Hg, and partial arterial oxygen pressure 60 mm Hg on high-flow face mask oxygen. The decision is made to intubate her for airway protection and mechanical ventilation.
Which of the following is the best method to secure her airway?
A. Fiberoptic nasal intubation(纤维鼻插管)
B. Oral intubation with in-line cervical spine stabilization (经口插管并保持颈椎稳定)
C. Cricothyrotomy(环甲软骨切开术)
D. Blind nasotracheal intubation(经鼻盲探插管)
答案解析:
患者精神状态改变可能是气体交换恶化或可能的头部损伤的结果。应存在高度怀疑颈椎和头部损伤的指数。由于她面部损伤的程度尚不清楚,所有形式的经鼻插管均相对禁忌。她的面部损伤可能与筛板骨折有关,筛板易使气管插管进入颅骨。直接喉镜下经口插管和手动内联轴向牵引是一种良好的选择。经口光纤插管也是一种可行的替代方法。环甲膜切开术仅适用于患者呼吸状态突然恶化且无法进行经口气管插管的情况。
正确答案:B
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