An 87-year-old man suffered an acute ST- elevation myocardial infarction a few minutes ago. He was subsequently treated with aspirin, metoprolol, and heparin. Immediately be- fore being taken to the catheterization laboratory, the patient becomes unresponsive. He is placed on telemetry and his rhythm strip is shown in the image. Although the patient receives a series of emergent defibrillations, he does not convert to sinus rhythm. Due to failure to respond, the patient is given an agent as- sociated with which of the following potential adverse effects?
一名87岁的男性几分钟前发生了急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死。随后患者接受了阿司匹林、美托洛尔和肝素治疗。在被送入导管室之前,病人立即失去反应。他被放置在遥测装置上,他的心电图如图所示。虽然患者接受了一系列紧急除颤治疗,但未转复为窦性心律。由于无效,给患者一种药物,与下列哪一种潜在不良反应相关?
(A) Bleeding 出血
(B) Increased post-myocardial infarction mortality 心肌梗死后死亡率增加
(C) Malar rash 颧部皮疹
(D) Pulmonary fibrosis 肺纤维化
(E) Yellow-green vision 黄绿色视野
答案解析:
心室颤动是一种无明显QRS波群、ST段或T波的不规则室性心律。这是猝死的重要原因,也是急性心肌梗死后24小时内死亡的重要原因。如果除颤不能转为窦性心律,下一个治疗选择就是使用抗心律失常药。抗心律失常药一般分为四类:ⅰ类阻断钠通道,ⅱ类阻断b-肾上腺素能受体,ⅲ类阻断钾通道,ⅳ类阻断钙通道。肾上腺素、胺碘酮(IA类和III类性质)或利多卡因(IB类)是除颤不成功后的适用药物。在这些药物中,只有胺碘酮可能产生肺纤维化的不良影响。胺碘酮还与低血压、甲状腺功能障碍(甲状腺功能减退和甲状腺功能亢进)、肝毒性、眼部改变和其他心律失常(即缓慢性心律失常和尖端扭转型室性心动过速)相关。服用胺碘酮的患者,记得检查肺功能、肝功能和甲状腺功能。
正确答案:D
原创文章(本站视频密码:66668888),作者:xujunzju,如若转载,请注明出处:https://zyicu.cn/?p=15686