A primigravida at 30 weeks’ gestation has been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. She is rushed to delivery because of signs of preeclampsia. After a cesarean section delivery, the newborn baby is noted to have signs of cyanosis, tachypnea, and dyspnea. Which of the following is a characteristic of the substance that is insufficient in the baby?
一名孕30周的初产妇被诊断为糖尿病。由于先兆子痫的迹象,她被紧急分娩。剖宫产分娩后,新生儿会出现发绀、呼吸急促和呼吸困难的体征。下列哪项是婴儿体内缺乏的物质的特征?
(A) It consists primarily of sphingomyelin主要由鞘磷脂构成
(B) It decreases compliance of small alveoli降低小肺泡的顺应性
(C) It disrupts liquid intermolecular forces in alveoli它破坏了肺泡内的液体分子间力
(D) It increases the surface tension of alveoli增加肺泡表面张力
(E) It is produced by type I pneumocytes in alveoli由肺泡内的I型肺细胞产生
(F) It lines medium-sized bronchi, not alveoli它位于中等大小的支气管内,而不是肺泡内
答案解析:
本例患儿为表面活性物质缺乏导致的新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS)。表面活性物质在胎儿期相对较晚形成(28周开始,34周时大量产生)。它通过破坏水分子之间的分子间力(氢键)来降低表面张力。这样可以防止小肺泡塌陷,增加顺应性。胰岛素可减少表面活性剂的合成。因此,母亲糖尿病也是婴儿发生RDS的危险因素,因为胎儿高血糖刺激胰岛素释放增加。皮质醇增加表面活性物质的合成;因此,必须早产的妇女通常会接受糖皮质激素治疗,以帮助预防婴儿的呼吸窘迫综合征。
正确答案:C
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