A 63-year-old man with apast(过去) history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus presents with community-acquired pneumonia that progresses to acute respiratory distress syndrome. On hospital day two, mechanical ventilation is initiated. Continuous enteral nutrition is initiated via a 14-French nasogastric tube targeted to deliver 25 kcal/kg/d.
Which of the following strategies should be implemented(执行) to reduce ventilator- associated pneumonia during mechanical ventilation?
A. Monitor residual(残留的) gastric volume.
B. Elevate head of bed.
C. Administer H2 blockers.
D. Administer proton pump inhibitors(质子泵抑制剂).
E. Administer postpyloric feeding(幽门后喂养).
答案解析:
ICU获得性感染监测是重症监护的重要组成部分。据估计,15%~20%的机械通气患者发生呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)。最近的一项试验发现,与未监测残胃容量的策略相比,常规监测残胃容量与VAP风险显著降低无关(未监测组为16.7%,监测组为15.8%)。与半卧位(床头大于45°)相比,仰卧位是VAP的危险因素;因此建议机械通气患者抬高床头,以降低VAP的风险。H2阻滞剂、质子泵抑制剂和幽门后喂养尚未显示可降低VAP的风险。事实上,质子泵抑制剂可能会增加风险。
正确答案:B
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